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Tubo-ovarian abscess
Tubo-ovarian abscesses (TOA) are one of the late complications of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and can be life-threatening if the abscess ruptures and results in sepsis. It consists of an encapsulated or confined ‘pocket of pus’ with defined boundaries that forms during an infection of a fallopian tube and ovary. These abscesses are found most commonly in reproductive age women and typically result from upper genital tract infection.〔Pelvic inflammatory disease. American family physician, Vol. 85, No. 8. (15 April 2012), pp. 791-796 by Margaret Gradison〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/2010/pid.htm )〕 It is an inflammatory mass involving the fallopian tube, ovary and, occasionally, other adjacent pelvic organs. A TOA can also develop as a complication of a hysterectomy.
Patients typically present with fever, elevated white blood cell count, lower abdominal-pelvic pain, and/or vaginal discharge. Fever and leukocytosis may be absent. TOAs are often polymicrobial with a high percentage of anaerobic bacteria. The cost of treatment is approximately $2,000 per patient, which equals about $1.5 billion annually.〔 Though rare, TOA can occur without a preceding episode of PID or sexual activity.
==Signs and symptoms==
The signs and symptoms of tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) are the same as with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) with the exception that the abscess can be found with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), sonography and x-ray.〔 It also differs from PID in that it can create symptoms of acute-onset pelvic pain.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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